Articles Posted in Chapter 7

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rsz_1bankruptcies.jpgBoth Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy filings are down 16.35% when compared to the year to date filings from last year. These filings, which are traditionally down at the end of December and early January traditionally peak in the month of March. This is likely because people hold off filing their cases for those two months due to the holidays and come around to filing as soon as March hits and the financial strain of the holiday season is over. You can see the peaks on the above graph. Blue represents 2010, while red represents this year thus far.

Hopefully, this is a sign of economic recovery, however it may just say that those who were going to bankrupt have already done so.

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Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanza, Holidays, BankruptcyJacksonville bankruptcy filings are always down from November through February and the reason is obvious: the holidays are upon us and no one wants to file bankruptcy during the holidays.

The problem with the delay is that despite the fact that people are in debt, they are still obliged to buy gifts. 11 U.S.C. § 523 lists various, “Exceptions to Discharge” which include under (c)(i)(I) any, “luxury goods or services incurred… …within 90 days]” of the day of filing over $500 in value and any “cash advances aggregating more than $750… ….within 70 days of filing. There is an exception for goods and services that are reasonably necessary for the support or maintenance of the debtor or debtor’s dependents. Presents, even though traditional, are likely to be considered a luxury unless especially modest. These purchases just prior to filing would be non-dischargable in the bankruptcy causing debtors to enter life after the bankruptcy already in debt again.

Purchases made without the intent to repay the debt are fraud under 11 U.S.C. § 727(a)(2) which can lead to a denial of discharge (bankruptcy case closed and debts still owed), or even jail time.

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Bankruptcy, Capone, MobsterThe Las Vegas Mobster Museum is headed to court, but not for racketeering. The museum that houses the world’s largest collection of organized crime artifacts (other than the FBI evidence room), has found itself faced with a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing citing $5.8 million dollars in debt.

This museum’s debt is proportionally greater than the amount Capone owed to the IRS. When Capone was arrested in 1931 he owed $215,000 to the IRS. According to WestEgg.com this is the equivalent of about $3 million dollars today (after adjusting for inflation) and lead to Capone being given an eleven year prison sentence.

The Mobster Museum will be purchased for $2 million by JVLV Holdings LLC. The former developer, Jay Bloom, is faced with accusations stemming from overstated potential daily visitors and using corporate money to pay for personal automobiles, credit card bills and groceries. Depending on Mr. Blooms testimony, these transactions may be a violation of the bankruptcy code under 18 U.S.C. § 152. which protects against fraud in bankruptcy cases. Even if so, the maximum imprisonment under this statute is only five years, which is quite light when compared to Capone’s eleven. I guess this tells us something we already knew- that it’s bad to lie in bankruptcy court, but it’s far worse to lie to the IRS.

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Married Jacksonville residents seeking to defend wage garnishments may have a unique opportunity over unmarried debtors. Section 222.11 of the Florida Statutes allows any Head of family to exempt all of their disposable earnings from garnishment. Section 222.11(1)(c) defines “Head of family” as any natural person who provides more than one half of the support of a dependent.

Based on this definition, it would make sense that a husband and wife could both exempt their wages from garnishment as long as they were each providing more than 50% of the support for a child from a prior relationship.

Similarly, in a bankruptcy case, having a non-filing spouse can protect all titled marital property from liquidation by filing that property as, “Tenancy by the Entireties”. This trick is commonly used in the bankruptcy arena.

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The filing fees for the Jacksonville District Court increased November 1st. The fees for filing are as follows:

Old Fees New Fees
Chapter 7 $299.00 $306.00
Chapter 13 $274.00 $281.00 D,E or F Amendment $26.00 $30.00

Unfortunately, everyone is hard pressed for money these days. This includes the government, which appears to have lead to this cost increase. It does make one wonder if the people who are bankrupt are the ones who should be paying extra when they really are the ones who have the least.

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4326761005_36b8cac3f3_oYour Jacksonville home has a sale date. You’ve been holding off on filing bankruptcy because you thought a mortgage modification might be possible and now you have 24 hours before your home is going to be sold. If you think that nothing can be done to stop it, you’re wrong.

If you file bankruptcy in the morning and your home was going to be sold in the afternoon, that sale will be stopped by the automatic stay. In simple terms, the automatic stay tells creditors to, “Stay away” until either the bankruptcy has completed or until they are granted court permission to collect again (a process which takes weeks).

The problem most people have is that filing a bankruptcy case requires a LOT of paperwork, and because this paperwork has to be accurate and is signed under penalty of perjury, it has to be accurate and complete. Fortunately, there is a way to gain the benefits of the automatic stay without having to complete all the paperwork up front: The Bare Bones Filing.

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dodgers.jpgAs you may be aware, the L.A. Dogers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in late June of this year. Chapter 11 is a reorganization bankruptcy available to both individuals and businesses where the creditors get to vote on whether or not to approve your proposed repayment plan.

Although McCourt is the owner of the Dodgers, it is the business, the “Los Angeles Dodger” that is filing the bankruptcy. McCourt withdrew an alleged $189.16 million dollars from the businesses funds according to the Los Angeles Times to settle his divorce with Jamie McCourt. To read more about the divorce side of things, see the Jacksonville divorce blog. Taking money from your own business probably wouldn’t be an issue if that business weren’t already insolvent.

In theory, Mr. McCourt has diverted money that could have gone to pay the business’ creditors to his now ex-wife. These transactions could be violations of the bankruptcy code. Things have gotten so contentious that Major League Baseball has petitioned the court to order the sale of the Dodgers. It is difficult to say what will happen in this case as new facts and arguments are coming every day, but the moral of the story is that you don’t drain the assets of an insolvent business and then try to file that business in a bankruptcy.

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The Claims Bar Date is vitally important in any bankruptcy because it establishes the date by which all creditors must make a claim on your estate or be barred from collecting their debt. This date first appears on your Notice of Filing, which is automatically generated when your case has been filed. Any creditor who received notice of the bankruptcy must provide a claim within 90 days or be barred from collecting the debt owed. If a creditor is not properly noticed, they may be allowed to bring a late claim. Governmental Units are provided additional time to bring claims, but have a claims bar date as well.

Despite the fact that the creditors receive a Notice of Filing that comes with a claims form and instructions, some creditors never file their claim or file their claim improperly. You or your attorney can object to claims that are unfounded, incorrectly filed or state inaccurate sums owed. Knocking out claims can save Chapter 13 debtors significant amounts of money and can sometimes create the possibility of ‘paying out’ of a bankruptcy. Paying out occurs when all creditors who have filed claims get paid every penny they’re owed. When this happens, and there is no one left to pay, the case is closed.
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When a home is foreclosed on and sold for less than the amount owed, the bank has two options:

1. Sue the ex-homeowner for the deficiency (an amount the bank knows they’re not going to get) or 2. Write the loss off on their corporate taxes.

When a bank writes a loss off on corporate taxes, the amount of the write off becomes Debt Forgiveness Income to the ex-homeowner. The IRS says that when someone’s debt has been forgiven, their total worth has gone up, therefore this counts as income. When this happens, the ex-homeowner will actually get a 1099-C for the difference and will owe income taxes on the new amount.

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Recently, a small debate has been brewing in the legal world about whether a person facing foreclosure should file bankruptcy before or after their foreclosure comes to a close. First of all, bankruptcy is not always the best option for someone facing foreclosure.

If filing bankruptcy is right for you, some attorneys recommend filing after your home has been foreclosed on. This should allow you to discharge the debt and will help you move on with your life. But this may also limit your options.

It has been suggested that filing bankruptcy before foreclosure may give you the option to fight the foreclosure post bankruptcy. You would “Surrender” your interest in the property to the Trustee, which gives him the option to liquidate the property subject to the mortgage. However, because the mortgage is often higher than the house is worth, the Trustee disclaims any interest. It is then up to the bank to continue the foreclosure process either during or after the bankruptcy. While the bankruptcy goes on you may still be able to remain in your home (this may effect your bankruptcy exemptions). Theoretically, you will remain there essentially rent-free, as you will not be making your mortgage payments during this time. This could mean saving thousands of dollars in unpaid mortgage payments, depending on how long the bankruptcy takes. At the end of the bankruptcy you should have no unsecured debt and would have savings to use in negotiations with the bank. What’s even more interesting is that you would no longer be personally liability for the mortgage, so if negotiations failed, you could just walk away.

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